The smallest concept in GATT is the Characteristic, which encapsulates a single data point (though it may contain an array of related data, such as X/Y/Z values from a 3-axis accelerometer, longitude and latitude from a GPS, etc.).
The following class allows you to manage Server characteristics.
Gets or sets the value of the characteristic. Can take an integer, a string or a bytes object.
characteristic.value(123) # set characteristic value to an integer with the value 123
characteristic.value() # get characteristic value
Returns a value with bit flags, identifying the events that have occurred since the last call. Calling this function clears the events.
Creates a callback that will be executed when any of the triggers occur. The arguments are:
trigger can be either Bluetooth.CHAR_READ_EVENT or Bluetooth.CHAR_WRITE_EVENT.handler is the function that will be executed when the callback is triggered.arg is the argument that gets passed to the callback. If nothing is given, the characteristic object that owns the callback will be used.Beyond the arg a tuple (called data) is also passed to handler. The tuple consists of (event, value), where event is the triggering event and value is the value strictly belonging to the event in case of a WRITE event. If the event is not a WRITE event, the value has no meaning.
We recommend getting both the event and new value of the characteristic via this tuple, and not via characteristic.event() and characteristic.value() calls in the context of the handler to make sure no event and value is lost.
The reason behind this is that characteristic.event() and characteristic.value() return with the very last event received and with the current value of the characteristic, while the input parameters are always linked to the specific event triggering the handler. If the device is busy executing other operations, the handler of an incoming event may not be called before the next event occurs and is processed.
An example of how this can be implemented is shown below, via an example of advertising and creating services on the device:
from network import Bluetooth
def conn_cb (bt_o):
events = bt_o.events()
if events & Bluetooth.CLIENT_CONNECTED:
print("Client connected")
elif events & Bluetooth.CLIENT_DISCONNECTED:
print("Client disconnected")
def char1_cb_handler(chr, data):
# The data is a tuple containing the triggering event and the value if the event is a WRITE event.
# We recommend fetching the event and value from the input parameter, and not via characteristic.event() and characteristic.value()
events, value = data
if events & Bluetooth.CHAR_WRITE_EVENT:
print("Write request with value = {}".format(value))
else:
print('Read request on char 1')
def char2_cb_handler(chr, data):
# The value is not used in this callback as the WRITE events are not processed.
events, value = data
if events & Bluetooth.CHAR_READ_EVENT:
print('Read request on char 2')
bluetooth = Bluetooth()
bluetooth.set_advertisement(name='LoPy', service_uuid=b'1234567890123456')
bluetooth.callback(trigger=Bluetooth.CLIENT_CONNECTED | Bluetooth.CLIENT_DISCONNECTED, handler=conn_cb)
bluetooth.advertise(True)
srv1 = bluetooth.service(uuid=b'1234567890123456', isprimary=True)
chr1 = srv1.characteristic(uuid=b'ab34567890123456', value=5)
char1_cb = chr1.callback(trigger=Bluetooth.CHAR_WRITE_EVENT | Bluetooth.CHAR_READ_EVENT, handler=char1_cb_handler)
srv2 = bluetooth.service(uuid=1234, isprimary=True)
chr2 = srv2.characteristic(uuid=4567, value=0x1234)
char2_cb = chr2.callback(trigger=Bluetooth.CHAR_READ_EVENT, handler=char2_cb_handler)
